MCAT Sections Whats on the MCAT

The Medical College Admission Test (MCAT) is a 7.5 hour exam required for admission to U.S. medical schools. The MCAT divided into the following four sections: Biological and Biochemical Foundations of Living Systems; Chemical and Physical Foundations of Biological Systems; Psychological, Social, and Biological Foundations of Behavior; and Critical Analysis and Reasoning Skills (CARS). Overview of MCAT Sections Section Length Time Topics Covered Biological and Biochemical Foundations of Living Systems 59 multiple-choice questions 95 minutes Introductory biology (65%), first-semester biochemistry (25%), general chemistry (5%), organic chemistry (5%) Chemical and Physical Foundations of Biological Systems 59 multiple-choice questions 95 minutes General chemistry (30%), first-semester biochemistry (25%), introductory physics (25%), organic chemistry (15%), introductory biology (5%) Psychological, Social, and Biological Foundations of Behavior 59 multiple-choice questions 95 minutes Introductory psychology (65%), introductory sociology (30%), introductory biology (5%) Critical Analysis and Reasoning Skills 53 multiple-choice questions 90 minutes Reasoning beyond the text (40%), reasoning within the text (30%), foundations of comprehension (30%) Each of the three science-based sections consist of 59 questions: 15 stand-alone knowledge questions and 44 passage-based questions. The fourth section, CARS, includes all passage-based questions. Calculators are not permitted, so basic math knowledge is required (particularly logarithmic and exponential functions, square roots, basic trigonometry, and unit conversions). In addition to content knowledge, the MCAT tests scientific reasoning and problem solving, research design and execution, and data-based and statistical reasoning. To succeed, you must have deep knowledge of scientific concepts and be able to apply your knowledge in a multidisciplinary fashion. Biological and Biochemical Foundations of Living Systems The Biological and Biochemical Foundations of Living Systems (Bio/Biochem) section covers basic life processes such as energy production, growth, and reproduction. This section requires detailed knowledge of cell structure, cell function, and how organ systems interact. Most of the material in this section comes from introductory biological sciences (65%) and biochemistry (25%). A small portion of the section is devoted to introductory chemistry (5%) and organic chemistry (5%). Advanced coursework in cellular and molecular biology, anatomy and physiology, and genetics will be useful for this section, but they aren’t necessary. The Bio/Biochem section covers three foundational concepts: (1) protein structure, protein function, genetics, bioenergetics, and metabolism; (2) molecular and cellular assemblies, prokaryotes and viruses, and cell division processes; and (3) nervous and endocrine systems, major organ systems, skin, and muscle systems. However, simply memorizing the main scientific principles associated with these concepts is not enough to ace the Bio/Biochem section.  Ã‚  Be prepared to apply your knowledge to novel situations, interpret data, and analyze research.   A periodic table is provided for this section, though you’ll probably use it more frequently in the next section (Chem/Phys). Chemical and Physical Foundations of Biological Systems The Chemical and Physical Foundations of Biological Systems (Chem/Phys) section covers chemistry and physics. Chem/Phys sometimes inspires fear in test takers, especially pre-med biology majors whose chemistry and physics knowledge is limited to a few intro courses. If that sounds like you, rest assured that the Chem/Phys section focuses on applications of chemistry and physics (i.e., how chemistry and physics apply to biological systems and processes that occur in the human body). In this section, test takers can expect to encounter concepts from general introductory chemistry (30%), organic chemistry (15%), biochemistry (25%), and physics (25%), as well as a small amount of basic biology (5%). The Chem/Phys section focuses on two foundational concepts: (1) how living organisms respond to their environment (motion, forces, energy, fluid movement, electrochemistry and electronics, light and sound interactions with matter, atomic structure and behavior) and (2) chemical interactions with living systems (water and solution chemistry, molecular/biomolecular properties and interactions, molecular separation/purification, thermodynamics and kinetics). A basic periodic table is provided for this section. The table does not include periodic trends or the full names of elements, so make sure to review and memorize trends and abbreviations. Psychological, Social, and Biological Foundations of Behavior The Psychological, Social, and Biological Foundations of Behavior (Psych/Soc) section is the newest addition to the MCAT. Psych/Soc covers the following concepts within introductory psychology (65%), introductory sociology (30%), and introductory biology (5%): brain anatomy, brain function, behavior, emotion, self and social perceptions, social differences, social stratification, learning, and memory as they relate to psychology and sociology. The section also tests your ability to analyze research methodologies and interpret statistical data. Although not all medical schools require formal undergraduate coursework in the social sciences, incoming medical students are expected to understand the interrelationship between psychology, society, and health. Some students underestimate the challenges this section presents, so make sure to allot adequate time for studying. Remember, knowing psychological terms and principles is not enough to succeed on this section. You should be able to apply your knowledge to interpret data and solve complex problems. Critical Analysis and Reasoning Skills The Critical Analysis and Reasoning Skills (CARS) section tests your ability to use logic and reasoning to analyze arguments and make deductions. Unlike the other sections, CARS does not require a substantial base of existing knowledge. Instead, this section requires a strong set of problem-solving skills. CARS is also five minutes and six questions shorter than the other sections. The passage-based questions cover three main skills: written comprehension (30%), reasoning within the text (30%), and reasoning outside the text (40%). Half of the passage topics are humanities-focused, while the other half come from the social sciences. The best way to prepare for the CARS section is to practice with as many sample passages as possible.

High Quality Standard Free Of Charge - 976 Words

As each year passes, we see the same trend: inflation rates on the cost of higher education increase at a rate greater than that of household income. This makes it more difficult for lower and middle class families to finance their children through college, and put themselves in a position to be successful in life. Without being able to get a college education, it makes it nearly impossible to land the jobs that are going to bring in higher level income. People need to be educated to go out into the world, and make more for their families, so we can begin to close this income gap between the wealthy and the poor. Several nations in the world have public universities that have no tuition costs at all, because they understand that â€Å"It is a core task of politics to ensure that young women and men can study with a high quality standard free of charge† (Noack.) The closing of the income gap, begins with the lowering of the costs on higher education. According to Forbes, since 1982 a typical family income increased by 147% while college education rate has risen nearly 500%. So making $10,000 in 1982 and paying $1,000 to send your child to school in 1982, has now become making $24,000 and paying $6,000 for tuition. We’ve gone from spending a tenth of our income, to a quarter in just over thirty years. There seems to be some hope this trend will end as many private universities are beginning to drop their tuition costs to make college more affordable in the past year. AshlandShow MoreRelatedCase study of Cranston Nissan1654 Words   |  7 PagesQuestion 1 Categorize the quality problems in this case Personnel 1. promised to call customer about the status of the job but never did. 2. caused customer to take several long trips to pick up the car without offering a loaner car. 3. delivered car to customer with service problem not corrected. 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Critically Analysis of Refugees

Question: Discuss about the Critically Analysis of Refugees. Answer: Introduction: The purpose of the study is to critically analyze the recent situation of refugees and migrants. Displacement of people has created a severe turmoil situation in the economic and political condition of the society. The study focuses on the negative and positive approach of the political bodies towards the increasing infiltrates and refugees from different regions of the world. A critical evaluation of the approach of governmental bodies towards the increasing cases of migration and refuge will be carried on. Critical analysis: As pointed out by Curtis (2016), 2017 shall be a worse year for the refugees and migrants compared to 2016. Refugee flee has long been a political topic in the West. Increasing migrants from the regions like Syria, Iraq, and Greece have been in headlines in the recent time. With the increasing number of human displacement, reaction of the government towards the situation has also changed. In order to curb the increasing migrants, government has taken steps to build walls and promised deportation to close the door for the refugees. Newly elected US President, Donald Trump has showed the cruelest approach to ban the increasing infiltration of refugees that has created a global stir in the recent time (Gregor and Heal 2015). Keeping a ban on the immigrants would not be the perfect solution to control the degrading condition of the recent socio-political situation. Reading Kirchgaessnder (2017), it has been found that with the increasing migrants, 28% increase in the number of families and individuals have been found due to increasing migration. Keeping the same instance into consideration, it has been assumed that 2017 shall be more challenging. In the view point of Curtis (2016), people are ready to welcome refugees but the governmental actions are harsh and cruel. In order to achieve short time success, the politicians have been found to practice inhumane approach towards the refugees and the citizens. If these situations are taken into consideration, it has to be said that the situation for the migrants is degrading in the recent time. The politicians and the government should be responsible for undertaking approaches that would benefit people. The degrading situation in the regions of Syria and other places has created huge distress in the society (Gregor and Heal 2015). If the government would not be supportive enough to these people then humanitarian concept would be lost. Several approaches have been made to help the voiceless and the disenfranchised people of the society. Focus has been made on to strive to bring about substantive and permanent improvement in their lives. As commented by Secretary General, Ban Ki-moon that we are one-humanity with shared responsibility. There has been a stir in the recent humanitarian interventions and the scale of humanitarian disaster has been growing since 2014 (Refugeesmigrants.un.org 2017). As estimated by U.N. the world conflict has displaced more than millions of people. These situations need to be checked with immediate attention. The humanitarian needs have increased 12 times considering the complex emergencies. It has become a common sight that the Syrian, Iraqi and the Afghani refugees are now entering in the European countries in huge numbers. Keeping the similar political situation into consideration, the government is found to spend bulk of finances on the issues of refugees rather than any other humanitarian programs (Kpozehouen et al. 2016). The spending includes detention programs, food vouchers, and integration and housing programs. This has automatically increased the spending of the government on the Syrians in international border than it is usually spend on them in their domestic border. All these instances are definitely going to affect the economic condition of a place whose political body happen to spend on these refugees and migrants (Curtis 2016). Therefore, there is no dilemma that the government has to keep a check on the overall situation and at times in-humanitarian approach has to be taken. Conclusion: With the detailed analysis, it has been understood that the situation of the world in terms of migration is declining. Understanding the perspective of governmental bodies in the interventions of the refugees and the migrants, it can be said that considering the economic and socio-political aspect, government has to take strict decision to stop infiltration. However, this way the humanitarian approach of government is lost. References: Curtis, K., 2015 How Europe is making the refugee crisis even worse Available at: https://www.undispatch.com/how-europe-is-making-the-refugee-crisis-even-worse/ [Accessed on: 5-4-2017] Curtis, K., 2016 Humanitarian crises are up. Can the world come together to help? Available at: https://www.deseretnews.com/article/865655580/Humanitarian-crises-are-up-Can-the-world-come-together-to-help.html [Accessed on: 5-4-2017] Gregor, N. and Heal, B., 2015. Refugees and Migrants. Kirchgaessnder, S., 2017 EU migration crisis: border agency accused of stirring controversy Available at: https://www.theguardian.com/world/2017/apr/05/eu-migration-crisis-frontex-people-traffickers [Accessed on: 5-4-2017] Kpozehouen, E., Heywood, A.E., Kay, M., Smith, M., Paudel, P., Sheikh, M. and MacIntyre, C.R., 2016. Improving access to immunisation for migrants and refugees: recommendations from a stakeholder workshop.Australian and New Zealand journal of public health. Refugeesmigrants.un.org 2017 Available at: Addressing Large Movements of Refugees and Migrants https://refugeesmigrants.un.org/un-refugee-agency-2016-deadliest-year-refugees-crossing-europe-central-mediterranean [Accessed on: 5-4-2017]

The Usage of Wikis for Business Organizations

Wikis: An Overview A wiki refers to â€Å"Web site that enables users to add new content or amend existing content† (Microsoft Corporation, 2006, p.2). The moment one posts on a wiki, all the users are then in a position to make their contributions by either adding or correcting the original document (Parker Chao, 2007).Advertising We will write a custom report sample on The Usage of Wikis for Business Organizations specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The users do not have to get permission from the author of the work or the administrator since each and every person is given a power to make contributions. The â€Å"Windows Share Point Services 3.0 provides history and version management, so that no original thinking is lost† (Microsoft Corporation, 2006, p.3). The wiki community undertakes the management of change and makes sure that there is accuracy as well as relevance. The difference between the wikis and blogs lie s in â€Å"shared-document collaboration element† (Microsoft Corporation, 2006,p.3). The original author gives up ownership of the content he or she provides the moment the work is published. Authors have no need for writing HTML for the reason that the content â€Å"appears in a basic editor interface that enables anyone with basic keyboard skills to add, amend, reorganize, or delete information† (Microsoft Corporation, 2006, p.3). The wiki software, which is more advanced, makes it possible to have advanced editing and this may include â€Å"HTML tags, support for rich text fonts and graphics† (Microsoft Corporation, 2006). This implies that there is a high speed collaborative development. Originally, the wikis were utilized by the developers as well as researchers in order to develop ideas rapidly (Educause, 2004). However, today, the use of wikis has â€Å"extended to project managers and others in more traditional business disciplines† (Microsoft Cor poration, 2006, p. 3). Wiki History The initial creation of Wikis was undertaken in the year 1995 by Ward Cunningham. This researcher conceived the Wikis as a swift way of creating and sharing ideas when one is working. The initial Wiki was referred to as the â€Å"Portland Pattern Repository† and the main purpose of this Wiki was to â€Å"facilitate the discovery and discussion of software patterns† (Tonya, 2008, p.1). The Wiki that was created by Ward and it still working and widely used by the Internet users all over the world. The product of the development that was undertaken by Ward was the â€Å"creation of web-based collaboration tool with applications for use in many areas† (Tonya, 2008, p.1). From the time it was created, more than one decade ago, a large number of Wiki implementations have â€Å"spawned on various server platforms, including a number of open software projects† (Tonya, 2008, p.1). At the present, there exist a number of wiki eng ines which are used in the wiki installation and hosting. There also exist a large number of â€Å"wiki farms† where hosting of wiki space on a server can be carried out (Educause, 2004). Some of these are available at a fee while others are free of charge.Advertising Looking for report on social sciences? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Wikis in a Business Environment and Ethical Issues The business organizations can eagerly take advantage of the wikis â€Å"collaborative functionality†, but they may suspiciously look at the possibly to alter the content without the management of the source and version. It is pointed out that the â€Å"flexibility of a wiki is the greatest strength, because it enables peers to work together to change or update a work without the need to increase the e-email traffic or take up excessive time in meetings and conference calls† (Microsoft Corporation, 2006, p.6). The wikis ca n cancel out the need to hold meetings and to make conference calls. In the course of time, the wikis have been utilized in the design of the conference and event agendas in advance. This is applicable to anyone’s business. There is no need for one to be physically present at the venue to hold meetings; a wiki makes it possible for business thinkers to describe the agenda online. A reflection of what is supposed to be discussed and what is not supposed to is given by the wiki. However, there is the need to observe ethical issues and have trust between the group members that use wikis. In addition, there is also the need to have fundamental guidelines for the wiki conduct, â€Å"covering such thorny issues as deleting or modifying the contributions of others† (Microsoft Corporation, 2006, p.6). It is pointed out that the use of the wikis for the internal collaboration is attaining credibility among the business organizations rapidly (Microsoft Corporation, 2006). In lin e with other fast-growing â€Å"development and modelling methodologies, wikis offer a unique environment for synthesis of different ideas† (Microsoft Corporation, 2006, p.6). The capacity to work on one document as a team makes it possible for the teams to have rapid assimilation of all inputs of the members of the team. This immediate collaborative development makes it possible for the groups to be in a position to identify and find agreements without the delay on the important points of a project, or even a strategy or a plan. In the same way one can use blogs, one can set up wiki sites at â€Å"any number of levels, for small groups or large groups, so they can resolve a policy framework or complete a project plan, in a structured or an informal manner† (Microsoft Corporation, 2006, p.6). A large number of business organizations consider wikis as being the most appropriate for an in-house development, since †it is possible to manage and police a site through company policies and standards† (Microsoft Corporation, 2006, p.6). It is of a great significance to go beyond this constraint and learn from the success that has been achieved by the wikis. A well-known wiki site is Wikipedia. This is a from of the Wikimedia Foundation. This category of the site provides users with the a freedom to make contribution to the development of the site sharing their knowledge and important information, thus, â€Å"Web users can read and modify pages, and add insights in to an encyclopaedic range of topics† (Microsoft Corporation, 2006, p.6).Advertising We will write a custom report sample on The Usage of Wikis for Business Organizations specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More This may seem to be riskily open, but yet it works. For a business organisation, there has to be a higher consideration for â€Å"inaccuracies or intentionally misleading postings, especially from contributors outside the organization† (Microsoft Corporation, 2006, p.6). Stories Related To Wikis A large number of businesses are utilising wikis. Use of the e-mails can be quite time consuming and burdensome. It is mostly much better to create a wiki, coming up with a document which any person can edit; such companies as the Oxford University Press, Yahoo, the Walt Disney and sections of the U.S. military among others have used private workspace wikis, in which the employees can be able to engage in discussing of each other’s work and also immediately edit the documents (Winston Edelbach, 2011). It is reported that Soar Technology Inc., which is an artificial intelligence company and works for the Office of the Naval Research, gave out a report that wikis cut down the time that is needed to complete projects by 50 percent (Winston Edelbach, 2011, p.203). Some people give projections that in the coming five years wikis will be used by a very large number of businesses in the United States (Winston Edelbach, 2011). The wiki form quality is â€Å"immediately variable† (Winston Edelbach, 2011, p.203). It is pointed out that it will be exceptionally interesting to see how the form evolves in the course of time (Winston Edelbach, 2011, 2011). â€Å"We could easily imagine amplification of errors, hidden profiles, cascade effects, and group polarization on wikis and their cousins† (Winston Edelbach, 2011, p.203). But it is also pointed out that the big hunch is that the diversity of views, together with a widespread desire to cooperate, will ensure much successes, but not only within working groups (Winston Edelbach, 2011). Of course, a large number of experiments do not succeed but the â€Å"explosive growth of Wikipedia and wikis in general, suggests that more and even better developments are on the way† (Winston Edelbach, 2011, p.203). Conclusion Wikis are currently being used by business organizations and individuals to get several benefits t hrough carrying out their activities more conveniently and effectively. For instance, flexibility of wikis makes them very effective tools and this enables peers to carry out activities together to change or update a work without the need to increase e-mail traffic or consuming more time holding meetings making calls. It is projected that the use of wikis by business organizations is going to increase even more in the near future. References Educause, (2004). Wide open spaces: Wikis ready or not. Educause.edu. Web.Advertising Looking for report on social sciences? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Microsoft Corporation. (2006). Using blogs and Wikis in business. Microsoft. Web. Parker, K. R Chao, J. T. (2007). Wiki as a teaching tool. Interdisciplinary Journal of Knowledge and Learning Objects, 3(1), 57 – 72. Tonya, J. (2008). Wiki history. Wiki.wetpaint.com. Web. Winston, M. Edelbach, R. (2011). Ethics, society and technology. New York: Cengage Learning. 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