Hydrogen peroxide Essay Example

Hydrogen peroxide Paper Catalase is an enzyme found in the cells of many organisms, both plants and animals. It speeds up the breakdown of hydrogen peroxide (a highly toxic chemical produced in small quantities in cells as a by-product of metabolism) to water and oxygen. I was asked to investigate the effect of one factor on the rate at which catalase works. I will be using celery as the source of the catalase. Planning Enzymes are biological catalysts. They are produced in all living organisms and control all the chemical reactions that occur. There are 4 things that can affect the rate of the chemical reaction: temperature, pH, concentration of substrate and concentration of enzyme. When the temperature increases, the rate of reaction will increase because as the temperature is higher, the kinetic energy of the particles increases, then more pairs of particles will have enough energy between them to collide successfully. Also, because heat is given, it provide another source of energy to get the reaction started, so that enough molecules reach the activation energy and collide successfully which cause the reaction rate to increase. But if the temperature is too high (above 50 c), the enzyme will denature and stop working because the shapes of the enzymes can no longer combine with the substances. Any change in pH affects the ionic and hydrogen bonding in an enzyme and alters its shape. Extremes of pH will denature some enzymes. Each enzyme has an optimum pH at which its active site best fits the substrate. But most enzymes will work best in neutral condition (pH 7). When there is an excess of enzyme molecules, an increase in the substrate concentration, produces a corresponding increase in the rate of reaction. We will write a custom essay sample on Hydrogen peroxide specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Hydrogen peroxide specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Hydrogen peroxide specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer If there is an excess substrate, an increase in enzyme concentration will lead to a corresponding increase in rate of reaction. Concentration of substrate or enzyme increases, the greater the rate of reaction will be because higher concentration means a higher number of particles in a given volume. If there are more particles, there will be more reaction. More reaction means a larger number of successful collisions. Therefore the reaction rate will increase. But if the substrate is in short supply, an increase in enzyme concentration has no effect. Or if there are sufficient substrate molecules, the rate of reaction is unaffected by further increases in substrate concentration as the enzymes are unable to break down the greater quantity of substrate. I think I am going to design an experiment to investigate the effect of concentration of substrate on the rate of the reaction. The experiment is going to be how can the concentration of the hydrogen peroxide affects the rate of catalase reaction. I predict as the concentration of the hydrogen peroxide increases, the rate of catalase reaction will increase. This is because higher concentration means there is a higher number of particles in a given volume. If there are more particles, there will be a bigger chance of reaction occurring. Bigger chance of reaction occurring means a bigger chance of successful collisions. Therefore the reaction rate will increase. To find out whether when prediction is right, I am going to do an experiment. Preliminary experiment For my experiment, I will need: A 50cm conical flask with a bung A burette Container Delivery tube Clamps and stand 10cm measuring cylinder A stopwatch 20 vol of hydrogen peroxide celery juice (catalase) Safety control I have to make sure all the school bags and chairs are under the table, in case I trip over I have to wear goggles, prevent any accidents that can damage my eyes I have to make sure I handle all the glassware carefully I have to handle the hydrogen peroxide very carefully because it is very toxic Method 1. Set up the experiment according to the diagram 2. Measure 10 cm of catalase (celery juice) 3. Measure 10 cm of Hydrogen Peroxide 4. Pour the catalase into the conical flask 5. Fill the burette with water 6. Pour the hydrogen peroxide into the conical flask and close the bung and start the timer 7. Record the volume of gas given off every 10 seconds (10s, 20s, 30s, 40s, 50s, 60s and 70s) 8. Mix hydrogen peroxide with pure water to give the following percentage of concentration of acid: 100%, 80%, 60%, 40% and 20% 9. Repeat 1 8 using the 100%, 80%, 60%, 40% and 20% hydrogen peroxide 10. Repeat the whole experiment twice to get a more accurate result Diagram Results Time (seconds) Volume of gas collected when there is 100% of H O (cm ). Volume of gas collected when there is 60% of H O (cm ) Volume of gas collected when there is 40% of H O (cm ) Volume of gas collected when there is 20% of H O (cm )Â   The results show that I have used the right amount of catalase and hydrogen peroxide as the volume of gas given off at a rate that is not too quick. Also, the apparatus I chose are appropriate which can give me a precise result. I will repeat the experiment three times to give a more reliable result. I will make sure the test is fair by: 1) Checking whether I have too many catalase or hydrogen peroxide because this will affect the concentration of the substrate 2) Using the same celery each time to get the catalase because different celery may contain different amount of catalase which will then affect the concentration of enzyme 3) Putting the bung on as quickly as possible in case any gas leak out which will affect the accuracy of the experiment 4) Varying the concentration of substrate only each time, or else the results will not be reliable. 5) Making sure the temperature remains constant as it will affect the rate of reaction. When temperature increases, the rate of reaction will increase 6) Making sure the pH remains constant as it will affect the enzyme. The enzyme works best at pH 7 Now I am going to plan my experiment again to get a more reliable and accurate result. Apparatus A 50cm conical flask with a bung A burette Clamps and stand Delivery tube Container 10cm measuring cylinder A stopwatch 20 vol of hydrogen peroxide Celery juice (catalase) Safety control I have to make sure all the school bags and chairs are under the table, in case I trip over.

Cloning for Perfection or Damnation †English Essay

Cloning for Perfection or Damnation – English Essay Free Online Research Papers Cloning for Perfection or Damnation English Essay Cloning has been a debate for years and is still a big question today. It is a very complicated process that many people believe is us playing god. People who support cloning believe it is a good way to perfect the human race. Although I feel both sides are extreme, I think that cloning should be allowed but only if the government approves it so we can satisfy both sides. To understand why cloning is important to scientists; you must understand the origins of where the idea of cloning came from. It is said that that it was started in 1952 when geneticists removed a nucleus from an embryonic frog, placed it into an egg cell, and a frog was hatched from the egg cell with the embryonic nucleus. (Human Cloning) First glimpse the world had of cloning is with the sheep named Dolly who was the first live animal to be cloned. Common question asked is what is cloning? Well the answer is quite simple; it is an asexual process that replicates genetic makeup to the youth brought from the womb. The result is an animal that looks exactly like the original. A common myth for people who don’t know much about cloning is that the clone will be exactly like the individual whose genetic code it came from. The only similarities are the genetic makeup. Everything else in the organism is different. Say if I were to be cloned, my clone would be completely different than I because he would have a different upbringing. He would not have the same childhood experiences I had. So in other words, you are creating another person that looks like you but may be completely different. It would be like raising a child, they may share some genetic code with you but they are not exactly like you. Psychology has a pr ofound effect on cloning. Environmental factors play a huge role in how someone turns out. You may be a completely calm individual who is always courteous and believes in chivalry. If certain aspects of your clones upbringing brought him to feel anxiety, then he or she would be a completely different person. Your clone may become a promiscuous crude person that only believes in satisfying themselves rather than serve the common good. Arguments among the debate of cloning are quite simple. The argument for those against cloning is how we know that the clone’s life will be as long as ours. Simple answer is that we do not know. How can we know if protestors do not let us try doing so? The only way to be sure is to of course let us try it. Experiments are the only way of letting us know if something works. If it does work, then we will the public decide. Debates will still rage on but if we decide on whether or not to legalize cloning, then it will mark a new era for our country. Another common nemesis to the cloning of certain things is that the cloning could not be healthy for the world. Certain cloned fruit or vegetables could carry very negative effects on us if we eat them. They could cause us to have new diseases that doctors would never know the cure to. So this means that cloning could cause certain illnesses to outbreak through the world. The last thing the world needs is an epidemic that could spread throughout the world. I guess people feel that the world does not need any more incurable diseases. Religious views that oppose closing are many. One of the views that believe cloning violates god is that when men creates a child through genetics, we are violating the image of god. It also makes children an object or manipulate but not a gift from god. The church also feels that if we are able to make clones, that we would treat them less than equal and we would sacrifice them so we could transplant organs and such.† The church argues that just ends do not justify immoral means.† (Human Cloning: Religious and Ethical Debate) Another common argument is that we as humans have distinct souls and they do not believe that we could clone the human soul with the human. â€Å"Jewish people think that man has a partnership with god and that we as men must care for mankind as it grows to nurture it like Adam and Eve did with the garden.† (Human Cloning: Religious and Ethical Debate) Ethical concerns are also not helping the argument against cloning. People believe that with our technology of today does not allow us to securely clone someone and that there will be harm to the embryo and the clone will age faster. There are also the psychological factors that come into play. People believe that the child will feel constrained to the future of their gene donors’ life. The quality of parenting and family life may be degraded because instead of parents loving their children merely for the fact that they are their child will not be enough for the parents. Instead, the parents will love them for how well they meet expectations. All ethical concerns are understandable. I feel that cloning would benefit the world. I believe leaders that could have done well for the world could be cloned and possibly could continue their past-life’s legacy. Maybe if we cloned Martin Luther King, we would know his potential influence on society. Many people in history could have done such great things if they had not died, maybe cloning would reawaken the potential will they would bring upon the world. If we were to clone Albert Einstein, I believe we could create something that would terrify the rest of the world and we would be in power because of the fact that the world would be terrified by our power. Although clones would have a stigmatization by society, the worth of their presence would be far greater. One of the many things that certain people back cloning with is that we could control whether or not our offspring would have certain diseases or recessive genes. I guess you could look at it with the angle that we could perfect the human race. We could very well get rid of disease and certain common ailments brought by certain genes like baldness. Scientists believe that we could create the ideal race for the future. â€Å"At the current time the risks associated with the cloning of humans are so great that virtually all people agree that there should be a prohibition on such experimentation at the moment.† (Religious and Ethical Debate) This of course makes a lot of sense because we don’t know the harm that cloning could have on a child. It was 277 tries before the scientists who cloned the lamb named Dolly before they had a healthy lamb. This experiment made it a point to the scientists that there would be more birth defects and failures would be expected during experimentation. This doesn’t help the argument of the people that want us to be able to clone humans. Arguments against ethical concerns are quite formidable. â€Å"Supporters may also argue that human clones will have the advantage of knowing what they are good at early in life.† (Human Cloning: Religious and Ethical Debate) With the argument of children not being loved by their parents for the child’s sake is contended with the argument that the child will be loved unconditionally. For infertile couples, the child that they will attain through cloning will be loved as warmly as if they had the baby themselves. All ethical arguments do not seem so strong now. With both debates in mind, government control over cloning sounds like a good idea, so we as the public could have a glimpse of the potential of cloning. We could see how cloning would benefit the world. The public would find out which side of the argument was true on certain debates. Maybe there is a chance that we could get rid of aids or other types of diseases that cannot be cured. By doing this, we would find out if by eliminating certain diseases, cloning would bring even more dangerous illnesses than we got rid of. Government regulation of cloning I think would benefit society because I believe the curiosity that we humans have for what could come is too great for us to ban cloning forever. Knowledge that we could attain about our race is unlimited. We could find new things about the human race that no one has ever discovered. We could tap into certain brain potentials that otherwise could not be manipulated. We could make people have higher brain activity and IQ, so they can help benefit the world through other sciences and make discoveries that we haven’t. Cloning can open so many windows for us and many people believe that pioneering into this branch of science is the right thing to do. Both sides are really extreme, and to allow government to regulate cloning experiments is the right thing to do to satisfy everybody. Cloning I think at the moment is a very sensitive issue for many people because people are so entwined with their religious beliefs that they do not see the potential cloning has for us. Although cloning isn’t really going anywhere at the moment, in a few years I believe that we will see more successful experiments in the future. Dolly is the most recent success of the cloning team around the world but soon we will find more groundbreaking experiments. â€Å"Human Cloning: Religious and Ethical Debate.† 04. Mar. 2005. â€Å"Human Cloning.’ Bradford, Jenny. 04. March. 2005. Research Papers on Cloning for Perfection or Damnation - English EssayGenetic EngineeringEffects of Television Violence on ChildrenCapital PunishmentHip-Hop is ArtComparison: Letter from Birmingham and CritoStandardized TestingNever Been Kicked Out of a Place This NiceArguments for Physician-Assisted Suicide (PAS)19 Century Society: A Deeply Divided EraThe Relationship Between Delinquency and Drug Use

Speech in Cyberspace and Internet Governance Essay

Speech in Cyberspace and Internet Governance - Essay Example In the situation, of Langdon versus Google, among others (Pd f), the plaintiff charged Google, Microsoft plus Yahoo for their letdown to run ads. These allied to the plaintiff's Web sites, which ostensibly exposed fraud committed by North Carolina administration officials and reported carnage supposedly done by the Chinese regime. The plaintiff quarrelled that the denial of the defendants dishonoured his foremost amendment plus other legal rights (Sinrod, 2007). What's more, the plaintiff alleged that all through Internet search engines are preserved by private firms, they fundamentally are public mediums, like malls with shopping centers, moreover, so are subject to the 1st amendment. The arbiter blew that tiff out of the water, stipulating that the plaintiff botched to appropriately affirm a claim for breach of his open speech rights in the 1st amendment, specifically given that the defendants are concealed, for-profit firms, not subject to legitimate free speech guarantees. The co urt judged "false" the plaintiff's squabble that someway the defendants were governmental "nation actors" who were required to defend the plaintiff's freedom of speech. In his ruling, the arbiter noted that the United States highest Court earlier had ruled that personal services that have been united to the public, like shopping hubs, do not offer a usual forum for the public to convey their views. The jury’s verdict with revere to the plaintiff's falsified speech rights is not terribly startling. The fraction of the judgment I found most appealing was the jury’s decision that the defendant’s search engines have 1st amendment privileges not to run the plaintiff's advertisements. Google squabbled in the protection of the dispute that, to run the plaintiff's ads, as called for, would oblige Google to talk in a way deemed suitable by the plaintiff; however, it would stop Google from talking in manners that the plaintiff would not appreciate. In a will, Google did n ot desire to be controlled by someone else as to the speech content it sends. Definitely, visualize a world wherever the law obligated they post whichever third-party substance. Over instant, the search engines plus Information Service Providers would mislay their ability to safeguard the uniqueness of the spots they seek to uphold (Knight, 2002, web). Bibliography Sinrod, J. 2007. Perspective: The freedom to disallow speech in cyberspace. Retrieved on November 3, 2011, from Knight, D. 2002. Writer and Editor of Science Fiction, Retrieved on November 3, 2011, from DQ2 Internet governance is the advancement and application by administrations, the private sector as well as the general public, in their particular roles, of shared ideologies, norms, rules, resolution making protocols, and programs that outline the progress and use of internet, (Pizzaleo, 2009, web).  

Critically assess the Prime Minister's powers.Review the role of the Essay

Critically assess the Prime Minister's powers.Review the role of the media in British politics.Is the higher civil service a - Essay Example Nevertheless, the individual who is appointed to this position must enjoy the support of the majority in the parliament, especially the lower house of the British legislature, also referred to as the House of Commons. This is because, the House of Commons is charged with the responsibility of enacting the necessary legislations that runs the government and the whole country. Therefore, the prime minister must enjoy the support of the majority in the House of Commons, so that he can be supported in enacting the necessary legislations and policies, which runs the government (Hennessy, 2001 p17). The most important aspect of the position of the British Prime Minister is the fact that; this position is not established by the British constitutional laws, but is just guided by the conventions, which have been in place for a long-term. The British Prime Minister plays various roles. First, he is the head of the political party or the coalition of parties that have the majority members of pa rliament in the House of Commons, and thus plays a legislative role (Kavanagh & Seldon, 2008 p87). He is responsible for guiding the legislation of the policies that favors the running of the government, as well as those necessary to execute the objectives and manifestos of the party or coalition enjoying the majority in the parliament. This position evolved as a result of the long term historical struggle to shift power from the sovereign to the parliament. However, constitutionally and legally, the monarch still remains the head of government, who enjoys the prerogative powers and is thus responsible for the whole running of the country. Therefore, the position of the British Prime Minister is political, which occurs as a result of the monarch sharing his/her powers to head the government with an individual of his/her choice, who enjoys the confidence of many members of parliament (Blick & Jones, 2010 p62). Despite the immense political authority that the position of the British P rime Minister holds, it is merely an extension of the powers of the Sovereign, who is the legal and constitutional leader of the government (King, 1985 p257). As the head of the party of the majority in parliament, the British Prime Minister is responsible to oversee the formulation and passing of the necessary legislations, which are essential to see the government operate effectively. In this sense therefore, the British Prime Minister heads the policy and law formulation process, to ensure that the laws and the policies that are formulated are in line with the government intentions and objectives, thus serves to facilitate the performance of the government (Hennessy, 2001 p21). This remains the reason as to why the British Prime Minister must be the leader of the party or coalition that enjoys majority support. The other role of the British Prime Minister is the executive role. The British Prime Minister is the head of the cabinet, which is the executive arm of the government (Ka vanagh & Seldon, 2008 p84). The power of the British Prime Minister as the head of the executive arm of the government includes the powers to constitute the cabinet. Therefore, he is responsible for appointing the cabinet ministers, who in turn heads different departments of the government

Outsourcing in Strategic Management Accounting Essay

Outsourcing in Strategic Management Accounting - Essay Example This research will begin with the statement that the concept of migrating internal business processes or functions to an outside organization may seem quite appealing on the surface. Reducing internal resource constraints and corporate expenditures and increasing quality may make service providers a potent draw. Today more types of services are available than ever before. Among other things, we can choose to outsource our network infrastructure, e-mail services, Web applications, and collaboration activities. Over the last decade, the attitude of businesses toward outsourcing has undergone a change of opinion reflecting the need to compete globally and focus on core competencies. Most processes have traditionally been kept in-house where it was thought they could be controlled most effectively. For many companies, an outsourcing decision represents the longest and largest financial commitment the company will make. The selection of an outsourcing partner will directly affect the comp any's growth and future performance. In short, the outsourcing decision is critical to the company's future success. However, without careful planning and preparation, our outsourcing project can easily result in lost revenue, added expenses, and, potentially, litigation. In order to reach efficiency that believed can obviate company from bankruptcy, a lot of method and concept are have been developed. One of them is by doing outsourcing. However, besides promising many strategic benefits, it also brings consequence of the appearance of strategic risk. The growth of outsourcing over the last century has been driven by the ever-expanding quest to improve productivity, reduce costs, and deliver greater value to customers and shareholders. Outsourcing decision is taken by all managed to improve their company performance that is related to process business, which is not representing core competence or core business. Expected by â€Å"delivering† the management process to other co mpany (as a business partner), which is owning core business in the area, process with the optimal performance will be created.

UK Law on Voluntary Manslaughter

UK Law on Voluntary Manslaughter Jocelyn Ayres Diminished responsibility.This is one of the three special defences which exist for the defence of murder. It is contained in the Homicide Act of 1957 and is modified by the Coroners and Justice Act 2009. When the defence of diminished responsibility is pleaded successfully it can reduce a murder conviction to manslaughter. To use diminished responsibility the defendant must be able to demonstrate one of the following: An abnormality of mental functioning caused by a recognised medical condition. The question of whether the defendant is suffering from the abnormality of a mental functioning is decided by the jury after hearing medial evidence.   The jury dont have to follow the medical evidence. Some examples of what counts as an abnormality of the mind include Jealousy, Battered woman syndrome, pre-menstrual tension, Epilepsy and chronic depression. An example of this is R v Byrne. The appellant murdered a young girl staying in a hostel, and mutilated the body. He did so as he was suffering from irresistible impulses which he was unable to control. Abnormality of mind was wide enough to cover the minds activities including the ability to exercise will power. He was allowed the defence to reduce the charge to manslaughter. The abnormality must provide an explanation for defendants act or omission in being party to the killings.   This follows from the old law which required the abnormality to be caused by an arrested or retarded development of the mind or induced by injury or disease. Alcohol and drugs are not considered unless the abnormality is alcoholism or drug addiction. Something like binge drinking doesnt allow the defendant to use diminished responsibility. Case law for this could come from R v Wood. The appellant was an alcoholic who had been sleeping rough. He was friends with a group called the breakfast club and had been drinking heavily with them for the past two days before the attack. He was invited to spend the night at the deceaseds house. During the night, he woke up and found the deceased trying to perform oral sex on him, he attacked him with a meat cleaver and hammer killing him. The judge said that a mans act is involuntary if, and only if, it is it very difficult to do otherwis e. The appellant appealed this and the conviction for murder was quashed. Which substantially impaired his/her mental ability. The defendant must show that the abnormality of the mind must have substantially impaired their mental ability to either understand the nature of their conduct, form a rational judgement or to exercise self-control. This is something for the jury to decide after hearing the medical evidence. A case example for this diminished responsibility is R v Campbell. The appellant killed a female hitch hiker he had picked up when she refused his sexual advances. She wanted to go from Oxford from London. He pulled up at a remote spot and made a pass at her. She hit him in the eye and he punched her in the throat. She began gurgling and blood came from her mouth. Realising the force he must have hit her he panicked and strangled her. He killed her by hitting her with a hockey stick. The appellant had frontal lobe damage and epilepsy. He appealed for diminished responsibility with medical opinion that the effect of his epilepsy and lobe damage affected his judgement, control of emotions and impulses and forward planning. His conviction for murder was ended and he went to retrial. Provocation.Provocation is part of the special defences for murder, like diminished responsibility. The requirements for the defence of provocation are: There must be evidence of provocation. This requires there to be evidence that the person charged was provoked by things done or said. There is no requirement that the provocative act was deliberate or aimed at the victim. Even something like the constant crying of a child can be used as evidence. Without the evidence the judge cannot put the issue of provocation to the jury. The jury can consider actions that happen over a period. The defendant is allowed the defence if they induced the provocation. A case example for this is R v Johnson. The appellant was at a night club. A woman called him a white nigger. The appellant was white but had taken to adopting a west Indian accent. He took exception to the comment and made threats to her. A male friend of the woman intervened and poured a drink over the appellant. A fight happened and the appellant stabbed the man and he died. He argued that he was acting in self-defence. The judge directed the jury on self-defence, which they rejected, but did not direct them on provocation. He was convicted for murder which he appealed, and it was swapped for manslaughter because of the provocation. Loss of control. This requires the accused to be provoked into losing their self-control. The definition of provocation came from R v Duffy, and is some act, or series of acts which would cause in any reasonable person and causes in the accused, and sudden and temporary loss of self-control, rendering the accused so subject to passion as to make him or her for the moment not a master of his or her mind. If there is any evidence of planning this will demonstrate no sudden and temporary loss of control. The loss of control need not be complete to negate murderous intent. Case law relevant to this is R v Richens. At the age of 17 the appellant killed a man who had raped his girlfriend. The deceased had taunted him about the rape saying that his girlfriend wanted to have sex and that she had enjoyed it. At which point the appellant stabbed him. The defendant raised the defence of provocation at the trial and the judge directed the jury on loss of control, saying that it doesnt apply to l osing that kind of control, and that it is a complete loss of control, to the extent that you dont know what youre doing. He appealed against the jurys conviction of murder. The provocation must be such as to make a reasonable man do as the defendant did. This is a question for the jury who must balance the gravity of the provocative act against the actions expected of a reasonable man. This is problematic when courts try to interpret and apply the section and it gets appealed regularly. Originally it was objective and no account could be taken of characteristics of the defendant in assessing this. However, it was accepted that particular characteristics could be taken into account, and this lead to some uncertainty. The characteristics must be sufficiently permanent. Some case law for this part of provocation in R v Ahluwalia. The appellant poured petrol and caustic soda on her sleeping husband and then set him on fire. He died six days later from the injuries. The couple had an arranged marriage and the husband had been violent and abusive throughout the marriage, he was also having an affair. On the night of the killing he had threatened to hit her wi th an iron and told her he would beat her the next day if she didnt give him money. At the trial, she admitted to killing him, but used the defence of provocation. She was however, convicted of murder. She appealed this decision and raised diminished responsibility. Diminished Responsibility Case Mary and Peter Abnormality of the mind For Mary, the abnormality of the mind would be her post traumatic stress disorder, which is recognised as a medical condition. The jury would decide if he is suffering for this by looking at medical evidence. Explanation Marys PTSD would have be part of the explanation of why she acted in the way she did, and killed Peter. PTSD can be triggered by sights, sounds and feelings they experience, for example being shouted at by Peter. This trigger can cause an intense emotion and physical reaction, stabbing Peter with a bayonet. Impaired mental ability Mary would also have to show that her PTSD affected her own mental ability to form a rational judgement or to exercise her self-control. The Jury would then use medical evidence to decide if this is the case. Provocation Case Mary and Peter Evidence She would need to have evidence of Peter insulting her and telling her that he hated her to be able to use it as part of her defence. She would be able to argue that he provoked her into stabbing him. Loss of Control This could also form part of Marys defence. This is because she had been soldier, and was suffering from post-traumatic stress disorder. She could say that it affected her judgement her self-control of her emotions, and that is why she acted in the way that she did. Reasonable man defence The jury would need to decide if a reasonable person would act in the same way as Mary did in that situation. This is difficult to use because it is very objective, and based on the juries opinion. Provocation Case Sarah and Michael. Evidence Sarah would have been provoked by Michael smirking because about sexually abusing young boys. This could also be affected because she is a mother. She would need to have evidence of him doing this. Michaels actions would still be considered provocation, even though Sarah had initiated it by confronting him about the sexual abuse. Loss of Control Sarah could say that the fact that he smirked at the accusation of sexual abuse provoked her, and this caused her to lose her self-control. That would explain why she acted in the way she did. Reasonable man defence The jury would need to decide if a reasonable person would act in the same way as Sarah. This is difficult to use because it is very objective, and based on the juries opinion. Diminished Responsibility wouldnt apply to the case of Sarah and her Neighbour as there is no evidence that she had an abnormality of the mind. The fact that she   was drunk would not be able to be used as evidence, because this defence requires it to be a history of alcoholism.

The Work of Cindy Sherman :: Photography Photographer

No other artist has ever made as extended or complex career of presenting herself to the camera as has Cindy Sherman. Yet, while all of her photographs are taken of Cindy Sherman, it is impossible to class call her works self-portraits. She has transformed and staged herself into as unnamed actresses in undefined B movies, make-believe television characters, pretend porn stars, undifferentiated young women in ambivalent emotional states, fashion mannequins, monsters form fairly tales and those which she has created, bodies with deformities, and numbers of grotesqueries. Her work as been praised and embraced by both feminist political groups and apolitical mainstream art. Essentially, Sherman’s photography is part of the culture and investigation of sexual and racial identity within the visual arts since the 1970’s. It has been said that, â€Å"The bulk of her work†¦has been constructed as a theater of femininity as it is formed and informed by mass culture†¦ (her) pictures insist on the aporia of feminine identity tout court, represented in her pictures as a potentially limitless range of masquerades, roles, projections† (Sobieszek 229). Born in Glen Ridge, New Jersey, Cindy Sherman grew up in suburban Huntington Beach on Long Island, the youngest of five children and had a regular American childhood. She was very self-involved, found of costumes, and given to spending hours at the mirror, playing with makeup (Schjeldahl 7). Cindy Sherman attended the state University College at Buffalo, New York, where she first started to create art in the medium of painting. During her college years, she painted self-portraits and realistic copies of images that she saw in photographs and magazines. Yet, she became less, and less interested in painting and became increasingly interested in conceptual, minimal, performance, body art, and film alternatives (Sherman 5). Sherman’s very first introductory photography class in college was a complete failure for she had difficulties with the technological aspects of making a print. After her disastrous first attempt in photography, Sherman discovered Contemporary Art, which h ad a profound and lasting effect on the rest of her artistic career (Thames and Hudson 1). Sherman’s first assignment in her photography class was to photograph something which gave her a problem, thus, Sherman chose to photograph her self naked. While this was difficult, she learned that having an idea was the most important factor in creating her art, not so much the technique that she used.

Over-Crowded Classroom and Students Attitude Towards Learning Essay

Table 1. Class by Class Enrolment of Grade 4 pupils of four selected schools. Class Section| Digos CentralElementary School| Rhema King’s KidAcademy| Sta. MariaElementary School| Sta. Cruz Elementary School| A| | | | | B| | | | | C| | | | | D| | | | | Table2. Problems of over-crowded classroom and student-teacher interactions. Please make how much you agree or disagree with each of the following: | StronglyDisagree| Disagree| Agree| StronglyAgree| 5| 1. Noise-making is very rampant during lessons.| | | | | | 2. Securing students total attention during lesson is almost impossible.| | | | | | 3. Many pupils at the back do not participate much in the lesson.| | | | | | 4. Quiet students often get rejected.| | | | | | 5. Only brilliant students answer questions in class.| | | | | | 6. Teachers questions cannot spread round the class.| | | | | | 7. Teachers movements restricted to the front of the class Because students’ chairs and tables have locked every space.| | | | | | 8. Teachers cannot move around the class to mark students assignment.| | | | | | 9. It is impossible to catch students cheating.| | | | | | 10. Late-comers sneak in unnoticed.| | | | | | 11. It is difficult for teachers to see students who are not paying attention.| | | | | | 12. Truants go unnoticed in the class.| | | | | | 13. Teaching aids cannot go round everybody.| | | | | | Table 3. Please mark how well you think the following statements describe you: | Not at allLike Me| Not muchLike Me| SomewhatLike Me| A lotLike Me| 1. I really want to learn.| | | | | 2. I participate regularly in class.| | | | | 3. I often need extra help with homework.| | | | | 4. I try my best but it doesn’t help me do well.| | | | | 5. I usually bored with what we study in class.| | | | | 6. The topics I am studying in school are Interesting and challenging.| | | | | 7. I can do better work than I’m doing now.| | | | | Thinking of the teachers you have in class, how would you grade them in these areas. | Failing â€Å"F†| Poor â€Å"D†| Fair â€Å"C†| Good â€Å"B†| Excellentâ€Å"A†| 1. Well organized.| | | | | | 2. Communicates clearly.| | | | | | 3. Explains material.| | | | | | 4. Teachers a variety of perspectives.| | | | | | 5. High expectations for all students.| | | | | | 6. Understands subject matters very well.| | | | | | 7. Treat students equally.| | | | | | 8. | | | | | |

Free Essays on Tybalt Analysis

Although admirable qualities add to one’s life, they can often lead to their death. One such example of this occurs in William Shakespeare’s Romeo and Juliet where we are introduced to Tybalt, a fiery and prideful young relative of the Capulet family. In the play, Tybalt is the instigator of a chain of reactions which change the course of this tragedy, sending it into a headlong collision with fate. Tybalt’s uncontrollable vengeance, skill as a fighter and sense of Capulet pride are admirable in their own ways, but lead Tybalt to his eventual death at the hands of Romeo. Are anger management classes a spoof? If there were not a real problem with anger, they would not exist. Let us just say that Tybalt never was able to complete his anger management classes, because it is evident he has trouble controlling his anger. Tybalt is first introduced at the Capulet party that Romeo has decided to attend without an invitation. When Tybalt first spots Romeo at his family’s party, he immediately races to Lord Capulet, who tries to calm Tybalt. Tybalt turns and addresses Lord Capulet: â€Å"But this intrusion shall, now seeming sweet, convert to bitt’rest gall.†(I, V, 92-93) Through this Tybalt cools down for the time being, but he has certainly not forgotten the intrusion. Another example of Tybalt’s vengeance is displayed in the third act. Mercutio is speaking with Benvolio, who says: â€Å"The Capels are abroad, and if we meet, we shall not ‘scape a brawl, for now, these hot days, is the mad blood stirring† (III, I, 3 -5). While Tybalt and some fellow Capulets are strolling around a public place, they spot Benvolio and Mercutio, two Montagues. Although Tybalt is really seeking Romeo, he strikes a â€Å"fight† up with Mercutio. As the â€Å"fight† carries on it becomes more intense until the climax, when Tybalt inadvertently stabs Mercutio in the stomach. What started as a comical joust ended in a death because of the inability of the ... Free Essays on Tybalt Analysis Free Essays on Tybalt Analysis Although admirable qualities add to one’s life, they can often lead to their death. One such example of this occurs in William Shakespeare’s Romeo and Juliet where we are introduced to Tybalt, a fiery and prideful young relative of the Capulet family. In the play, Tybalt is the instigator of a chain of reactions which change the course of this tragedy, sending it into a headlong collision with fate. Tybalt’s uncontrollable vengeance, skill as a fighter and sense of Capulet pride are admirable in their own ways, but lead Tybalt to his eventual death at the hands of Romeo. Are anger management classes a spoof? If there were not a real problem with anger, they would not exist. Let us just say that Tybalt never was able to complete his anger management classes, because it is evident he has trouble controlling his anger. Tybalt is first introduced at the Capulet party that Romeo has decided to attend without an invitation. When Tybalt first spots Romeo at his family’s party, he immediately races to Lord Capulet, who tries to calm Tybalt. Tybalt turns and addresses Lord Capulet: â€Å"But this intrusion shall, now seeming sweet, convert to bitt’rest gall.†(I, V, 92-93) Through this Tybalt cools down for the time being, but he has certainly not forgotten the intrusion. Another example of Tybalt’s vengeance is displayed in the third act. Mercutio is speaking with Benvolio, who says: â€Å"The Capels are abroad, and if we meet, we shall not ‘scape a brawl, for now, these hot days, is the mad blood stirring† (III, I, 3 -5). While Tybalt and some fellow Capulets are strolling around a public place, they spot Benvolio and Mercutio, two Montagues. Although Tybalt is really seeking Romeo, he strikes a â€Å"fight† up with Mercutio. As the â€Å"fight† carries on it becomes more intense until the climax, when Tybalt inadvertently stabs Mercutio in the stomach. What started as a comical joust ended in a death because of the inability of the ...

Application of Management Theories

Application of Management Theories Abstract Most successful corporations have applied either employee empowerment theory or the penetration pricing theory. A combination of both theories might also enhance market performance of any given corporation. However, empowerment theory facilitates a culture of employees’ contribution by allowing them to participate and contribute to the decision making processes.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Application of Management Theories specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The application of this theory enables an organization to discover the full synergy and power of its employees as regards to problem detection, solving alongside better service deliveries. In contrast, the penetration pricing theory might help a company to evade market competition. It can be applied when a company wants to operate at the least cost possible while setting the lowest product prices. Introduction Various theories have been applied during decision making processes. The memo however highlights the applications of the employee empowerment and penetration pricing theories as noted in human resource and marketing areas respectively. Moving towards workforce empowerment culture Workforce empowerment turned out to be a corporate catchphrase in early nineties and the corporate press accord deemed it to be a noble thing. During this periods, the customary view saw workforces as replaceable objects in corporations, individuals who ought to be well trained to execute well defined and narrow tasks as well as people who should be constantly supervised and watched every time (Rehkopf, 2009). With the advent of employees’ empowerment culture, there has been the necessitation that even the sophisticated and more educated employees have the urge of contributing in their workplaces and to the employers. Basically, employees’ empowerment in simple term implies the full-fledged cronies in pursuit of high quality le vels and better services. Empowered employees are always encouraged to make decisions, think and take personal actions on the basis of the defined corporate guidelines (Rehkopf, 2009). The organizational management must thus recognize employee abilities and offer the requisite authority and tools which enables them to incessantly advance their performances. The management is charged with responsibility of stating its expectations as regards to the recognition and solving of the problems through empowering the employees to so.Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More A practical example of empowerment Very few corporations truly embrace the employees’ empowerment concept. In fact, corporations that adopt this concept have realized the massive synergy and power which could be released when workforces are allowed to fully participate in the assumed operations. A practic al example where the concept of employees’ empowerment culture was widely embraced is Ritz-Carlton Hotel. Instead of marginalizing its employees by failing to listen to them and refusing to have them contribute in the hotel decision making processes, Ritz-Carlton Hotel does exactly the opposite. Employee empowerment is not merely used in guests’ satisfaction, but it is rather intended to crown them imaginary services (Hardina, 2007). Every employee at Ritz-Carlton Hotel has a chance to contribute to the decision making process and they have the mandate from the leaders to act accordingly. How the employee empowerment concept bring about specific actions Initially, Ritz-Carlton Hotel did not engage its workforce in the continual process improvement and in the development of work processes. It was thus very difficult to gauge how the indispensable service deliveries to partners could be made. There was equally laxity and non-commitment on the side of employees as regards to service deliveries and goal attainments. The morale and motivation in the institution was extremely low while the employees were less energized by failure to involve them in the decision making processes. The employees thus felt like they were not recognized and neither were they deemed part of the organization. Thus, they lacked the full sense of entrepreneurial commitment (Rehkopf, 2009). The theory of employee empowerment necessitates that each employee within the organization must totally sense the commitment of the organization to such an empowerment. Merely saying that the workforce is empowered is actually not real. In fact, the management and all leaders found at different levels ought to act by shunning the mere talks. This theory requires that the management ought to realize that workforce empowerment is not like the magical gifts that workers receive from the management. The leaders have the responsibility of establishing a pivotal atmosphere and environment where the workforce feels the real empowerment (Ryan, 1998). They should have a feeling that they are emboldened in the decision making process and must be aware of the management backing and support. Results achieved by practicing employee empowerment theory After the theory was implemented at Ritz-Carlton Hotel, the employees unleashed their full potentials as regards to service delivery and consequently participated in all the entrepreneurial operations. They aided the hotel management in detecting and solving the emerging problems besides providing guests with legendary services.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Application of Management Theories specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The employees felt like they had greater stakes in the hotel and fully remained loyal and accountable to their assumed tasks. Indeed, they equated their respective triumphs and purpose with those of the hotel. There were sky-high morale and motiva tions in the hotel devoid of sporadic campaigns and gimmicks by the management (Rehkopf, 2009). The employees were passionate about fellow workers and service deliveries to guests. What I could have done differently As a practicing manager, I could have aspired to know the employees by their names, share my time with them, treat them like adults and personally look for their welfare. Most important, I could have shared with them my visions and goals for the hotel by thoroughly and frequently communicating with them. Information and guidelines for empowered behaviors could also have been made available to each worker. Workers who attain beyond expectations could have been rewarded while any emanating member issues could have been instantly resolved. Thus, the employees could have been made and parcel of the hotel. Another theory that could be used in decision making is the self-determination theory. Based on this theory, workers have both external and internal perceived locus of loca lity which makes them feel that any force initiates and sustains their actions. Such forces might in turn cause motivation. Penetration pricing theory This concept has been widely employed by most new market entrants when they aim at winning clients and consequently garnering larger market shares from their competitions. The theory derives from the demand price responsiveness by assuming that clients will always move to the novel brands and products whose prices are seemingly low. The assumption is that provided brand loyalty has been developed, then the set prices might be raised progressively to attain the dominant market price. In case prices are low, then the preliminary goodwill will be generated and hence companies will be capable of holding unto their clients besides gaining other positively referred customers (Baker, 2006). A practical application of penetration pricing There are numerous issues that are addressed via applying this theory. As reported in the media, this theo ry has been extensively applied by Wal-Mart Corporation. The company believed that when higher prices are charged on commodities, market competitors will eventually outperform it by reducing their prices. Since identifiable and distinct prices segment are inexistent in the market while price elastic demand are exhibited, larger products market will permit competition take place. Prices will eventually reduce thus permitting subsequent price hikes which will operationally offset the preliminary low prices (Hardina, 2007). Wal-Mart applied this theory by setting low prices to help its clients save money and live better lives. The company did this by offering pleasant shopping experience, guaranteeing satisfaction, setting the least possible prices, providing knowledgeable experience and a variety of quality products. It was as a result of price antagonism and market competition that Wal-Mart opted to adopt this theory.Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More How penetration pricing concept bring about specific actions The theory of penetration pricing helps customers to recognize each other. Any company that draws on penetration pricing stands a better chance of countering the competitors’ actions and has exceptional positioning strategies. For instance, Wal-Mart applied this theory in its business operations and the corporation has had the chance to utilize economies of scale. Economies of scale in turn helped the company to produce numerous goods at the least cost possible. The end result is a reduction on the charged prices, avoidance of market competition and becoming a market leader (Winninger, 1994). Results achieved by employing penetration pricing theory When Wal-Mart applied this concept, it created a positive impression which made clients to believe that the corporation truly provides the lowest priced products. The created image overshadowed various clients’ expectations by creating a price loop. The company eff ectively applied penetration pricing to an extent that clients deemed it an imperative factor when making their product choices (Hardina, 2007). Therefore, while the suppliers assume low pricing strategies, the company offers better prices to ensure low sourcing costs. What I could have done differently Given that Wal-Mart employees and suppliers show their ill-treatment grievances at the company, the company is in the verge of being negatively portrayed. However, to make all market participants’ and employees happy, I could have offered the clients’ quantity and product loyalty discounts. The cost of production could have been reduced via economies of scale which in turn could have allowed the setting of low prices. Conclusion Employee empowerment can be applied to ensure performance improvement. It is considered as an important element for managers who are in quest for outstanding services. Any effort put towards employees’ empowerment could possibly give resu lts beyond expectations. Conversely, any company that applies the penetration pricing theory stands a better chance of making its products to be recognized by the clients. The theory helps in creating a positive brand image in the minds of clients. References Baker, R. J. (2006). Pricing on purpose: Creating and capturing value. Sudbury, MA: John Wiley and Sons. Hardina, D. (2007). An empowering approach to managing social service organizations. Florence, KY: Springer Publishing Company. Rehkopf, E. (2009). Club resources international: Making employee empowerment a reality at your club. Retrieved from clubresourcesinternational.com/media/8651/employee%20empowerment.pdf Ryan, J. (1998). Giving people the chance to sparkle. Journal of People Management, 1(13), 40-42. Winninger, T. J. (1994). Price wars: How to win the battle for your customer. Ontario, CA: St. Thomas Press.

THE LARGE HADRON COLLIDER Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

THE LARGE HADRON COLLIDER - Essay Example It is thought that the universe’s basic component was matter and anti-matter and their collision precipitated the creation of the universe. The particles that will be created after the collision in the LHC will be studied by scientists and this will provide them special insight and understanding about how the universe and the particles that comprises it, begun. Recent development in the LHC reported that the antimatter, whom the scientists believe as the matter’s negative counterpart existed but were mostly destroyed leaving our universe to be only composed of matter. Some particles that were produced inside the Large Hadron Collider also appeared to be behaving differently from their antimatter counterparts, providing a partial explanation to the mystery of antimatter. The study inside the LHC is not yet complete but for sure, it will generate interesting results that could alter our perception about the universe because it will answer the very basic question like how was the universe

Broadcast news story Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Broadcast news story - Essay Example Fox Sports 1 appears to have accepted the challenge and it aims to set new standards of sports telecast by introducing the newly emerging idea of â€Å"Jockularity† as part of their regular telecasts. The new channel aims to establish its reputation as a funny, irreverent and so called ‘less-serious’ sport channel. They say that they will engage the services of some really famous Canadian pranksters to anchor the network’s flagship programs. Regis Philbin is also expected to host a show at the new sports network. â€Å"What we are fighting is inertia. ESPN has a 30-year head start, and they are doing a remarkable job. We are very much the underdog, and we have to convince the sports-viewing public that what we have on offer is better—or as good as—what ESPN has been offering. We have to create a personality.† (Greenfeld) Greenfeld,  K.  T. (2013, July 18). Fox Sports 1s Strategy vs. ESPN: Jockularity - Businessweek. Retrieved  May  18, 2015, from